A Practical Guide to Digital Asset Planning in Bean Station
Digital asset planning ensures that your online accounts, digital financial holdings, and important electronic files are handled according to your wishes after incapacity or death. For residents of Bean Station and surrounding Grainger County, establishing a clear plan helps reduce confusion for family members who must access email, social media, cloud storage, cryptocurrency wallets, and other digital property. This process combines practical steps for organizing credentials with legal tools such as wills, powers of attorney, and estate plans to authorize access while preserving privacy and minimizing delays during administration.
Many people assume digital items are minor, but they can represent significant personal and financial value. Photos and documents often have sentimental importance, while online accounts and digital currencies can carry monetary consequences. Effective digital asset planning addresses how accounts should be managed, who has authority to access them, and how passwords and recovery methods are preserved. For families in Bean Station, proactive planning reduces stress for loved ones by clarifying your preferences and avoiding unnecessary legal hurdles when important digital matters arise.
Why Digital Asset Planning Matters for Bean Station Families
A thoughtful digital asset plan protects both sentimental and financial concerns by ensuring access and control are clearly documented. Without guidance, relatives may struggle to retrieve important photos, close accounts that continue billing, or gain access to funds held in online platforms. A comprehensive plan clarifies decision-making authority, reduces the chance of disputes, and speeds settlement of estate matters. For Bean Station residents, this approach helps preserve privacy, maintain continuity for online services, and reduce the administrative burden that falls on family members during difficult times.
About Jay Johnson Law Firm’s Approach to Digital Assets
Jay Johnson Law Firm serves clients across Tennessee, including Bean Station and Grainger County, focusing on clear, practical estate planning services that incorporate digital asset considerations. The firm helps people inventory their digital property, choose appropriate agents, and integrate digital access into broader estate documents like durable powers of attorney and estate plans. Attorneys at the firm emphasize client communication and work to create plans that are straightforward to implement for family members and fiduciaries while complying with applicable Tennessee law and online provider policies.
Understanding Digital Asset Planning and Its Scope
Digital asset planning covers the identification, organization, and legal authorization needed to manage electronic property during incapacity and after death. This includes online financial accounts, cryptocurrencies, social media profiles, cloud document storage, domain names, email accounts, and digital photo libraries. The legal work often involves drafting documents that grant access to appointed agents and provide instructions for handling these assets. Planning also includes practical measures such as maintaining an up-to-date list of accounts, secure storage for passwords or instructions, and guidance on how to interact with digital service providers.
When preparing a digital asset plan, it is important to consider both legal authority and technical access. Legal authority can come from documents like powers of attorney and provision in a will, while technical access may require password managers, designated legacy contacts, or multi-factor authentication solutions. The plan should balance privacy with practicality, giving fiduciaries enough information to carry out your wishes while minimizing unnecessary exposure of personal data. For Bean Station residents, local considerations and Tennessee statutes may affect how accounts are accessed and what documentation is required.
Defining Digital Assets and Key Considerations
Digital assets are broadly defined to include any information or property stored in electronic form. This encompasses online bank and payment accounts, cryptocurrency wallets, social media and email accounts, subscription services, digital photographs, business records stored in the cloud, and domain names. Important considerations include whether an account provider permits transfer or access, what documentation a fiduciary must present, and how sensitive personal data will be protected. Addressing these questions in advance ensures that your digital footprint is managed in accordance with your preferences and legal requirements.
Core Elements of a Digital Asset Plan
A complete digital asset plan typically includes an inventory of accounts, written authorization for agents, instructions for account management, and secure methods for storing access information. Legal documents such as durable powers of attorney, wills with digital provisions, and advance directives should reference digital assets explicitly. Practical steps include setting up a secure password manager, designating online legacy contacts where platforms allow it, and documenting locations of important files. Coordinating these elements reduces friction for those who need to carry out your wishes and helps ensure continuity for both personal and financial digital matters.
Key Terms and Glossary for Digital Asset Planning
Understanding key terms helps clarify the planning process. Terms like fiduciary, durable power of attorney, legacy contact, digital property, and account provider policies are central to describing how digital assets are managed. A glossary provides concise definitions and practical implications so clients can make informed decisions about access and instructions. For Bean Station residents, knowing these terms makes conversations with family members and legal counsel more effective and reduces confusion when implementing a plan during a stressful time.
Durable Power of Attorney
A durable power of attorney is a legal document that appoints an agent to make financial and legal decisions on your behalf if you become unable to do so. When it includes specific language about digital assets, the document can authorize the agent to access online accounts, manage subscriptions, and handle digital financial matters. It is important to tailor the document to your needs so that agents have clear authority while privacy safeguards are maintained. Proper drafting avoids ambiguity and helps service providers accept the agent’s authority when access is requested.
Legacy Contact
A legacy contact is a designation within some online platforms that allows a trusted person to manage certain aspects of an account after the owner’s passing. This designation is set directly with the platform and often complements legal documents. Policies vary by provider: some allow account deletion, memorialization, or limited access to messages and posts. Including legacy contact designations as part of a broader digital plan ensures that preferred platforms are configured to reflect your wishes and gives appointed individuals a recognized pathway to act without additional legal steps.
Digital Property
Digital property refers to electronic assets that have personal, sentimental, or financial value and can include files, accounts, and online holdings. These assets may be controlled through service provider accounts or held in digital wallets. Determining ownership and transferability depends on provider terms and applicable law. A digital asset plan documents your intentions for these items, clarifies who may access them, and explains how they should be handled to preserve value and privacy. Proper labeling and secure storage of access information helps ensure your wishes are carried out.
Account Provider Policies
Account provider policies are the terms of service and privacy rules that govern how online platforms handle account access, transfer, and data after an account holder becomes incapacitated or dies. These policies vary widely between providers and can limit what a fiduciary may do. Effective planning accounts for provider rules by documenting instructions that align with those policies and by setting up available options, such as legacy contacts or authorized user settings, before an emergency arises. Understanding provider limitations helps set realistic expectations for account management.
Comparing Limited and Comprehensive Approaches
When planning for digital assets, clients often choose between a limited approach that addresses only a few key accounts or a comprehensive plan covering all known digital property. A limited approach can be quicker and less costly initially, focusing on immediate priorities such as financial accounts and primary email access. A comprehensive plan offers wider coverage, giving detailed instructions and authority for a broader range of accounts and scenarios. Selecting the right path depends on asset complexity, family situation, and how comfortable you are documenting credentials and instructions for fiduciaries.
When a Focused Plan Works Well:
Managing a Small Number of Accounts
A focused digital asset plan is often suitable for individuals with a small set of important online accounts that require attention. For example, someone with one primary bank account, a single email address, and minimal social presence may prefer a targeted plan that grants access to these essentials only. This approach reduces initial complexity while still providing legal authority for designated agents. For many Bean Station residents, a straightforward inventory paired with clear instructions ensures that immediate financial and communication needs are met without an extensive overhaul of digital arrangements.
When Privacy Is a Priority
Some people prefer to limit the scope of access to preserve privacy while still addressing essential matters. A limited plan can authorize access narrowly, allowing agents to handle urgent issues without exposing unrelated personal accounts or private data. This option may suit individuals who store sensitive personal information online and wish to minimize exposure. Drafting clear, narrow authorizations helps balance the need for action with the desire to protect private digital content, and it can be implemented quickly to meet immediate concerns.
Why a Comprehensive Plan May Be Preferable:
Complex Digital Holdings and Multiple Platforms
A comprehensive digital asset plan is valuable when an individual maintains multiple accounts across financial platforms, cloud storage, social media, cryptocurrency wallets, and business-related services. Coordinating access and instructions across these diverse systems requires careful documentation and legal authority to avoid conflicts and delays. Such a plan reduces the risk of losing valuable digital property, ensures continuity for business records and online services, and provides families a clear map for handling assets effectively in the absence of the account owner.
Preparing for Unforeseen Events and Disputes
A broader planning approach helps reduce the likelihood of disputes and confusion among family members, especially when multiple people may have an interest in digital accounts or when assets have monetary value. Comprehensive plans include detailed instructions, designated fiduciaries, and documentation of account locations and access methods. Preparing for potential complications and having explicit directions reduces stress for loved ones and supports smoother administration in complicated scenarios. This proactive approach provides clarity and helps avoid protracted legal steps later.
Benefits of Taking a Comprehensive Approach
Taking a comprehensive approach to digital asset planning brings practical benefits including streamlined account management, reduced administrative delays, and clearer preservation of both sentimental and financial digital property. It minimizes the burden on family members who would otherwise need to track down passwords, negotiate with service providers, or seek court intervention. For Bean Station residents, having a full plan documented and accessible helps ensure that online affairs are handled in a timely and respectful way that aligns with personal wishes.
Comprehensive planning also supports continuity for business owners and people who rely on digital infrastructure for income or professional responsibilities. By naming responsible agents and providing practical access methods, the plan reduces interruptions to operations and allows appointed individuals to manage account closures, transfers, or ongoing responsibilities. In addition, documenting preferences for preservation or deletion of digital materials protects privacy and helps loved ones know what should be retained or removed according to your expressed wishes.
Reduced Administrative Burden for Family
A major benefit of a comprehensive plan is that it alleviates the administrative weight placed on surviving family members. When credentials, instructions, and legal authority are clearly organized, fiduciaries spend less time piecing together information and more time carrying out your intentions. That efficiency reduces stress and emotional strain during an already difficult period. For Bean Station families, this clarity means that personal mementos and necessary financial accounts are handled respectfully and with minimal delay, helping preserve meaningful items and stabilize practical affairs.
Protection of Financial and Sentimental Digital Assets
Comprehensive planning helps protect both sentimental materials like photographs and videos and financial holdings such as online payment accounts and digital currencies. Documenting how each type of asset should be handled ensures that items of value are preserved or distributed according to your wishes. This reduces the risk that important items will be lost due to expired accounts or inaccessible credentials. By addressing both legal authority and practical access, a full plan safeguards the things you care about and provides instructions that are easier for others to follow.
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Practical Tips for Managing Your Digital Estate
Create a Secure Inventory of Accounts
Begin by listing all online accounts, services, and digital holdings along with instructions for how you would like each to be handled. Record relevant usernames, recovery emails, and notes on multi-factor authentication and recovery methods. Keep this inventory in a secure location and update it regularly to reflect new accounts or changes. Sharing access information with a trusted fiduciary or storing it in a reputable password manager with legacy options can make it easier for appointed agents to follow your preferences without exposing sensitive information unnecessarily.
Incorporate Digital Access in Legal Documents
Use Platform Legacy Features Where Available
Where platforms offer legacy contact or memorialization features, set those designations as part of your planning. These built-in options can simplify the process for authorized individuals and sometimes allow limited account management without formal legal papers. However, since platform policies vary, use these settings alongside legal documents and secure inventories to ensure broader access when needed. Combining platform tools with legal directives and secure credential storage offers a balanced approach to preserving what matters and ensuring your wishes are followed.
Reasons to Include Digital Asset Planning in Your Estate
Digital asset planning addresses practical and emotional concerns by clarifying how online belongings should be handled. Accounts that remain active after death can incur charges, create privacy risks, or complicate estate administration. Planning prevents unwanted automatic renewals, preserves meaningful items such as family photos, and provides legal authority for fiduciaries to access necessary information. For residents of Bean Station and Grainger County, integrating digital asset instructions into your estate planning reduces uncertainty and ensures that valued online content and financial assets are managed consistent with your wishes.
Including digital items in your estate planning also prepares your family for continuity of important services and business matters. Many modern households and small businesses depend on online accounts for communication, billing, and recordkeeping. Without clear instructions and authorized access, these functions can be interrupted. A proactive plan minimizes disruption by naming responsible agents, documenting login methods, and describing how ongoing services should be handled. This preparation helps loved ones settle practical matters efficiently and with less stress.
Common Situations That Make Digital Asset Planning Important
Digital asset planning is especially important in situations such as advanced age, serious illness, ownership of digital currency, or running an online business. When someone cannot communicate their wishes, appointed fiduciaries need clear legal authorization and access methods to manage accounts and financial obligations. Similarly, individuals who value preservation of family photos or operate platforms that generate income benefit from an organized plan. Addressing digital matters early avoids complications for family members and helps ensure that both sentimental and financial assets are handled appropriately.
Incapacity Planning for Online Accounts
When illness or injury prevents you from managing accounts personally, a durable power of attorney that includes digital authorization allows a trusted agent to step in. This legal authority, combined with a clear inventory and access instructions, helps avoid lapses in bill payments, maintains communication channels, and secures important documents stored online. Planning ahead ensures that decisions can be made promptly and according to your preferences, reducing the likelihood of service interruptions or loss of valuable digital records.
Managing Cryptocurrency and Financial Accounts
Digital financial holdings such as online brokerage accounts, payment services, and cryptocurrency wallets often require special attention because access mechanisms and recovery procedures differ from traditional accounts. Planning for these assets involves documenting keys, custodial arrangements, and instructions for transfer or liquidation. Without clear directions, access to these holdings can be difficult or impossible. Proper planning ensures fiduciaries can locate and administer these accounts in a way that protects value and follows your stated intentions.
Protecting Sentimental Digital Content
Many people store irreplaceable family photos, videos, and personal writings in digital formats. Without a plan, loved ones may not know how to retrieve or preserve these materials, or they may face obstacles due to privacy settings and provider rules. Documenting where items are stored and how you want them handled allows families to honor your wishes, whether that means preserving, sharing, or deleting certain content. Including these instructions in your plan ensures sentimental items receive the attention you intended.
Digital Asset Planning Services for Bean Station Residents
Jay Johnson Law Firm provides practical guidance for residents of Bean Station and Grainger County who wish to include digital assets in their estate plans. We help clients inventory accounts, draft legal documents that authorize access, and create practical instructions for managing online property. The goal is to produce a usable plan that reduces stress for family members and ensures your digital holdings are handled in accordance with your preferences. Our approach emphasizes clear communication and documentation tailored to your situation and Tennessee law.
Why Work with Jay Johnson Law Firm for Digital Planning
Choosing a law firm to assist with digital asset planning helps ensure both legal authority and practical access are addressed in a coordinated way. The firm helps you prepare durable powers of attorney, estate documents that reference digital property, and an organized inventory of accounts and credentials. This coordination reduces the likelihood of delays or disputes and provides your family with a clear roadmap for handling online affairs in line with your wishes. Personalized planning aligns legal measures with the technologies you use.
Working with a local firm offers the advantage of understanding Tennessee-specific considerations and how local courts and institutions typically handle estate and digital access questions. The team assists with drafting clear language that fiduciaries and service providers can rely upon, and offers practical advice on secure storage and maintenance of access information. For Bean Station residents, this local perspective supports plans that are realistic, enforceable, and easy for family members to implement when needed.
In addition to legal documents, the firm guides clients through technical options such as password management strategies, use of platform legacy features, and best practices for protecting sensitive data. The goal is to produce a plan that balances privacy with the need for authorized access, reducing burdens on loved ones and protecting valuable digital content. Clear documentation and straightforward instructions help ensure your wishes are honored while simplifying administration for appointed agents.
Ready to Plan Your Digital Legacy in Bean Station?
How We Handle Digital Asset Planning at Our Firm
Our process begins with a consultation to identify your digital holdings, important accounts, and priorities for handling those items. From there we recommend appropriate legal documents and prepare a secure inventory that complements your estate plan. We draft powers of attorney and estate provisions that reference digital assets and advise on technical measures such as password managers and platform legacy settings. The aim is to deliver a workable plan that your family can use without unnecessary complexity or confusion, tailored to your needs and Tennessee requirements.
Step One: Inventory and Priorities
The first step involves creating a thorough inventory of online accounts, digital holdings, and the locations of important electronic files. We discuss which assets you want preserved, transferred, or deleted, and identify any accounts that may require special handling. This phase also addresses security concerns and recovery methods so that access can be arranged for appointed agents. The resulting inventory becomes a central reference for drafting legal documents and practical instructions for fiduciaries.
Gathering Account Information
We assist you in compiling usernames, recovery contacts, and notes about multi-factor authentication for each account. This includes financial platforms, social media, cloud storage, domain names, and any other online services that matter to you. The goal is not to record passwords in unsecured formats but to ensure a trusted system is in place so agents can gain access when appropriately authorized. Organizing this information early prevents confusion and speeds action when it becomes necessary.
Setting Priorities and Preferences
During this phase we discuss your preferences for what should be retained, shared, or deleted and who should be responsible for each category of assets. This conversation helps shape the language of legal documents and provides practical instructions for fiduciaries. Clarifying priorities reduces disputes among family members and ensures that sentimental items and important financial holdings are handled in a way that reflects your wishes and privacy concerns.
Step Two: Legal Documentation
After identifying assets and priorities, we draft the necessary legal documents to provide authority for agents and trustees. This often includes durable powers of attorney with explicit digital access language and estate plan provisions describing how digital property should be managed. The documents are reviewed with you to confirm that they match your objectives and provide sufficient authority to work with account providers. Properly prepared paperwork helps fiduciaries act quickly and with confidence.
Drafting Durable Powers
Durable powers of attorney are drafted with clear language that addresses digital accounts and authorizes agents to manage online matters. We ensure the documents contain practical authorization tailored to the types of platforms you use and the agents you designate. Careful wording reduces the chance of provider pushback and equips fiduciaries with the documentation they need to request access or make administrative changes on your behalf when you cannot act for yourself.
Integrating Digital Instructions into Estate Plans
Estate planning documents are updated to include provisions for disposition of digital property after death. Clear directions describe how accounts should be transferred, preserved, or terminated and can reference the inventory as a supplementary source of information. Coordinating these provisions with the durable power of attorney and any trusteeship arrangements ensures consistency across documents and gives appointed fiduciaries the authority and guidance needed to carry out your wishes efficiently.
Step Three: Implementation and Ongoing Maintenance
Once documents are in place, we assist with implementing practical measures such as setting platform legacy contacts where available, recommending secure credential storage options, and advising on routine updates to your inventory. Regular reviews are recommended to capture new accounts, terminated services, or changes in your wishes. Ongoing maintenance keeps the plan effective over time and reduces the chance that outdated information will hinder access when agents need to act.
Configuring Platform Options
Many providers offer settings to designate an account manager or legacy contact; we guide you through configuring those features to complement your legal documents. Using available platform tools can simplify access and memorialization processes, but because policies vary, these settings are used together with legal authorizations and secure inventory storage. Proper configuration ensures that appointed individuals have practical pathways to manage accounts while respecting your preferences.
Reviewing and Updating Your Plan
Digital lives change frequently, so periodic review of account lists and legal documents is important. We recommend updating inventories and confirming that agents and legacy contacts remain appropriate choices. Changes in life circumstances, technology, or provider policies may require revisions to ensure the plan remains effective. Regular check-ins help maintain a plan that works in practice and ensures your wishes are current and clearly documented for those who may need to act on them.
Frequently Asked Questions About Digital Asset Planning
What counts as a digital asset for estate planning purposes?
Digital assets include any information or property stored electronically that has personal or financial value. This broad category covers online banking and payment platforms, email and social media accounts, cloud storage containing photos and documents, digital currencies, domain names, and business records stored on remote servers. When preparing a plan, it is useful to list each account, describe its importance, and note any special access or recovery procedures that apply.Because providers set their own rules, not all digital items are treated the same. Some platforms allow designated legacy contacts, others restrict access without a court order, and certain financial services have specific documentation requirements. A comprehensive inventory combined with legal documents helps ensure that each type of asset is handled according to your wishes and in compliance with provider policies and Tennessee law.
How can I give someone legal access to my online accounts if I become incapacitated?
Legal access to online accounts during incapacity can be granted through a durable power of attorney that explicitly mentions digital assets and authorizes your appointed agent to access, manage, and close accounts as needed. The document should use clear language to avoid ambiguity and align with the types of platforms you use. Drafting a power of attorney with digital access provisions gives fiduciaries the authority they need to act without unnecessary delay.In addition to legal authorization, practical access methods such as secure password storage and platform-specific legacy designations help agents exercise that authority. Combining legal documentation with practical arrangements provides a smoother process for fiduciaries and increases the likelihood that service providers will accept requests for account access or management.
Will social media companies allow my chosen agent to manage my accounts?
Social media companies have different policies about account management after an owner becomes incapacitated or dies. Some platforms offer features that allow designation of a trusted contact or legacy contact who can manage certain aspects of the account, while others limit access or require proof of authority. Understanding the specific policy for each platform you use helps set realistic expectations for what a named agent can accomplish.To improve the likelihood of a smooth transition, include platform-specific instructions in your plan and complement those settings with legal documents that provide fiduciary authority. Where platforms are restrictive, documented legal authority combined with clear information about the account can help a fiduciary seek appropriate remedies or follow provider procedures for account handling.
How should I handle passwords and two-factor authentication in my plan?
Passwords and two-factor authentication present practical challenges for access. It is advisable to use a secure password manager that stores encrypted credentials and can provide a trusted access method in the event of incapacity or death. If you choose to maintain an inventory, keep it in a secure location and avoid storing sensitive passwords in unprotected documents. The inventory should explain where credentials are stored and how access can be obtained by a designated fiduciary.Two-factor authentication often relies on devices or phone numbers that may be inaccessible to a fiduciary, so part of the planning process is documenting recovery methods and updating contact information where possible. Clear instructions about device ownership and transfer can reduce delays and help appointed agents obtain necessary codes or reset options while balancing security concerns.
Are cryptocurrencies treated differently than other online accounts?
Cryptocurrencies often require special attention because control typically depends on possession of private keys or access to custodial accounts. If holdings are held in a personal wallet, documenting how keys are stored and providing secure access methods is important to prevent permanent loss. If funds are held with a custodial service, determining the provider’s policies and required documentation for transfer or access is necessary.Planning for cryptocurrency should address whether holdings will be transferred, sold, or preserved and how fiduciaries will gain technical access. Including clear instructions and secure storage for keys or recovery phrases alongside legal authority reduces the risk that these assets will become inaccessible and helps ensure they are handled according to your wishes.
Should I list passwords directly in my will or estate documents?
It is generally not recommended to list passwords directly in a will or public estate documents because wills can become part of the public record during probate, risking exposure of sensitive information. Instead, use a secure password manager or a confidential inventory stored in a secure location, and reference the inventory in your planning documents without exposing credentials themselves. This approach provides access for fiduciaries while maintaining security and privacy.Estate documents can direct fiduciaries to the secure location or password manager where credentials are stored and provide authority to access them. Combining legal direction with secure technical storage balances the need for accessibility with protection of sensitive data and reduces the risk of unauthorized disclosure.
What happens if an online provider refuses to grant access to a fiduciary?
If an online provider refuses to grant access to a fiduciary, the next steps depend on the provider’s policies and the documentation available. In some cases, presenting properly executed legal documents such as a power of attorney, death certificate, or court order can persuade a provider to grant access or transfer. When provider rules are restrictive, it may be necessary to pursue legal processes to establish authority, which can take time and incur additional expense.Proactive planning reduces the likelihood of refusal by ensuring that documents are in order and that platform-specific options like legacy contacts are used where possible. Preparing comprehensive documentation and understanding provider requirements in advance helps fiduciaries navigate provider procedures more effectively when requests for access are made.
How often should I update my digital asset inventory and documents?
Digital lives evolve rapidly, so reviewing your digital asset inventory and legal documents periodically is important. Update your inventory when you open new accounts, close services, change passwords, or change recovery options. Legal documents should be reviewed after major life events such as marriage, divorce, the birth of children, or changes in health status to ensure that appointed fiduciaries remain appropriate and that instructions reflect current wishes.A routine review every year or whenever significant changes occur helps maintain an effective plan. Regular maintenance keeps the inventory accurate, reduces the risk of surprises for fiduciaries, and ensures that your digital plan continues to work with current technologies and platform policies.
Can I name different people for financial accounts and sentimental digital items?
Yes, you can designate different people to handle different categories of digital assets, such as naming one person to manage financial accounts and another to preserve sentimental digital items like photos and videos. Assigning responsibilities by category can be practical when different skills or sensitivities are required to carry out your wishes. Clear documentation about each person’s role and authority helps avoid conflicts and ensures tasks are distributed according to your preferences.When assigning multiple fiduciaries, coordinate the plan to specify how decisions are made and how potential disagreements should be resolved. Providing a primary contact, alternate agents, and written preferences reduces ambiguity and supports orderly administration of digital and other estate matters.
How does a durable power of attorney interact with digital asset planning?
A durable power of attorney can be drafted to include explicit authority over digital assets, authorizing an appointed agent to access and manage online accounts during your incapacity. Properly worded language is important so that service providers and institutions recognize the agent’s authority. The power should be durable so it remains in effect if you become incapacitated, enabling continuity for bill payments, account maintenance, and other urgent tasks.Because provider requirements vary, combining a durable power of attorney with practical measures such as secure credential storage and platform legacy designations offers the most reliable approach. Together, these steps provide fiduciaries both the legal authority and the practical means to carry out your intentions regarding digital property.