Comprehensive Guide to Real Estate Services in Hunter
Buying or selling property in Hunter, Tennessee requires careful attention to local requirements, disclosures, and contract law. At Jay Johnson Law Firm, we help homeowners, buyers, and sellers understand the legal steps involved in real estate transactions so they can move forward with confidence. This introduction outlines the common issues that arise in residential and small commercial property transfers in Campbell County and explains how clear legal guidance can prevent delays, disputes, and unexpected costs during closing and after the sale.
This guide is designed for Hunters residents and nearby property owners who want practical information about property transfers, title concerns, contract review, and closing procedures. It summarizes typical timelines, documents you will encounter, and potential pitfalls to watch for when negotiating terms or completing a sale. Whether you are handling a straightforward transfer or facing a more complex matter like boundary disputes or title defects, knowledgeable legal support can streamline the process and help protect your interests throughout the transaction.
Why Real Estate Legal Services Matter in Hunter
Real estate transactions often involve significant financial and legal commitments, and using careful legal review reduces the chance of costly mistakes. An attorney can identify title issues, clarify contract language, and ensure that required disclosures and closing documents comply with Tennessee law. Effective legal support also helps resolve disputes over property boundaries, easements, or undisclosed defects before they escalate. By addressing these matters early, property owners and buyers can avoid lengthy litigation and ensure that ownership transfers are complete and enforceable under local and state regulations.
About Jay Johnson Law Firm and Our Approach to Real Estate Matters
Jay Johnson Law Firm in Hendersonville provides dedicated legal services tailored to the needs of clients across Tennessee, including Hunter and Campbell County. Our approach emphasizes clear communication, practical solutions, and careful document review to help clients navigate every stage of a transaction. We focus on understanding each client’s priorities, whether minimizing closing delays, protecting investment value, or resolving title issues. With a local perspective on county procedures and recorder’s office practices, the firm works to make closings efficient and to protect clients from lingering risks tied to property ownership.
Understanding Real Estate Legal Services in Campbell County
Real estate legal services cover a range of tasks that support property transfers and ownership rights, including contract review, title examination, preparation of deeds, and representation at closing. In Hunter, these services also include addressing county-specific recording requirements and local tax or zoning questions. Legal counsel helps interpret purchase agreements, negotiate terms, and prepare documents necessary to transfer clear title. When problems arise, such as liens or unclear chain of title, legal steps can be taken to quiet title, remove encumbrances, or negotiate resolutions that protect your investment and allow the sale or purchase to proceed.
For anyone involved in a real estate transaction, understanding the legal timeline and required documents reduces stress and prevents last-minute surprises. Services often begin with an initial review of the purchase agreement and title report, followed by addressing any contingencies and preparing closing documents. The attorney can coordinate with lenders, agents, and title companies to ensure all filings and signatures are completed properly. By confirming that property taxes, assessments, and utility obligations are settled and that the deed is correctly drafted, legal support keeps the transaction on track and preserves the parties’ rights after closing.
What Real Estate Legal Representation Entails
Real estate legal representation includes evaluating contracts, reviewing title searches, drafting deeds and transfer documents, and advising on disclosures and contingencies. It also involves negotiating terms with opposing parties, addressing liens or judgments that affect marketable title, and preparing settlement statements for closing. In many transactions the attorney coordinates with the lender and county recorder to ensure proper transfer and recording. Representation can be limited to document review or can extend to full-service handling of the transaction, depending on client needs and the complexity of the matter.
Key Elements and Typical Processes in Property Transactions
Common elements of a property transaction include the purchase agreement, earnest money handling, title examination, property inspections, disclosures, financing contingencies, and the closing itself. Each step carries legal implications: contract language sets obligations and remedies, title issues can cloud ownership, and financing requirements can affect timing. An organized process typically starts with contract review and a title search, followed by resolving contingencies, preparing the deed and closing documents, and recording instruments after closing. Attention to these processes helps avoid problems that can delay or derail a sale.
Real Estate Terms and Glossary for Buyers and Sellers
Understanding the most common real estate terms helps clients make informed decisions and communicate effectively during a transaction. This brief glossary covers terms you will encounter in purchase agreements, title reports, and closing statements, with straightforward explanations to clarify responsibilities and potential risks. Knowing these terms reduces confusion when negotiating and allows clients to ask targeted questions about their rights and obligations before signing documents.
Title
Title refers to the legal right to own, use, and transfer property and is verified through a title search that identifies recorded ownership and any liens, mortgages, or claims against the property. A clear, marketable title means there are no unresolved legal obstacles to transferring ownership. When title issues appear in a search, steps such as resolving liens, obtaining releases, or pursuing a quiet title action may be necessary to correct defects. Ensuring marketable title is a central part of preparing a property for sale.
Deed
A deed is the written document that conveys property from one party to another and specifies the manner of transfer and legal description of the property. Different deed types have varying levels of warranty about title, and the choice of deed affects the protections a buyer receives. After execution, the deed is recorded in the county recorder’s office to provide public notice of the transfer. Accurate preparation and recording of the deed are essential to finalize ownership and establish legal rights in the property.
Easement
An easement is a legal right allowing someone to use part of a property for a specific purpose, such as a right of way for access or utilities. Easements can be recorded or implied and may limit how a property owner uses the affected portion of the property. Understanding existing easements is important before purchasing land because they can affect development plans, privacy, and property value. Resolving disputes or clarifying the scope of an easement often requires review of recorded documents and sometimes negotiation with adjoining property owners.
Closing
Closing is the final step in a real estate transaction when funds are exchanged, closing documents are signed, and the deed is delivered and recorded to transfer ownership. The closing ensures all contractual obligations are met, liens are satisfied, and required disclosures have been provided. It often involves coordinating among buyers, sellers, lenders, title companies, and attorneys to confirm that documents are complete and recording requirements are met. Successful closings conclude the sale and establish legal ownership for the buyer.
Comparing Limited and Comprehensive Real Estate Legal Services
Clients can choose a limited review, where an attorney examines specific documents or issues, or a comprehensive service that manages all legal aspects of a transaction. A limited review can be appropriate for straightforward purchases when a client needs a quick review of contract terms or a title opinion. Comprehensive service is often preferred when there are title complications, unique financing arrangements, or when a client wants full legal handling through closing. Each option has trade-offs in cost and coverage, and selecting the right approach depends on the property’s complexity and the client’s comfort level with risk.
When a Limited Legal Review May Be Appropriate:
Straightforward, Contingent-Free Purchases
A limited legal review often suffices for straightforward purchases where the title appears clean, financing is standard, and the buyer and seller are in agreement about terms. This can include transactions with clear chain of title and no recorded liens or encumbrances. In such cases, a focused review of the purchase agreement and title report can identify any unusual clauses or risks without the need for full-service representation. This option can be cost-effective for clients confident in the transaction’s simplicity and who only need confirmation that documents conform to standard practice.
Minor Contract Clarifications and Review
When the primary need is clarification of contract language or confirmation that contingencies are properly stated, a limited engagement can address those specific concerns. This approach helps buyers or sellers understand key obligations, closing costs, and timelines without committing to full representation. The attorney reviews the relevant sections, suggests revisions if necessary, and advises on potential consequences of certain terms. Clients who choose this path retain flexibility and receive targeted guidance that reduces immediate transactional risk.
When Full-Service Legal Handling Is Advisable:
Complex Title or Ownership Issues
Comprehensive legal service is advisable when title searches reveal liens, unresolved deeds, or ambiguous ownership histories that require corrective action. These issues can include judgments, unpaid taxes, or competing claims that could prevent transfer or cloud future resale. Full-service representation allows the attorney to pursue the necessary legal remedies, obtain releases, or prepare corrective instruments and coordinate with the county recorder to clear the title. Addressing these matters proactively reduces the risk of future disputes and protects the transaction from being delayed or invalidated.
Transactions Involving Unusual Financing or Property Use
When a transaction involves nonstandard financing, lease-purchase arrangements, complex deed conditions, or special use permits, comprehensive legal assistance ensures all documents reflect the parties’ agreement and comply with local regulations. This service includes coordinating lender requirements, drafting tailored contract provisions, and confirming that zoning or land-use rules permit the planned use. By managing the full legal process, an attorney helps prevent hidden obligations or regulatory conflicts that could disrupt ownership or future plans for the property.
Benefits of a Full-Service Real Estate Approach
Choosing a comprehensive legal approach provides continuity and coverage across all stages of a transaction, from initial contract review through recording and post-closing matters. This method reduces the likelihood of overlooked issues and ensures consistency in document drafting and negotiation. Clients benefit from a single point of responsibility for resolving title defects, coordinating with lenders, and verifying that closing statements and escrow instructions accurately reflect agreed terms. The long-term result is a cleaner transfer and fewer surprises after ownership changes hands.
Comprehensive representation also helps preserve value by addressing potential disputes early and creating clear, enforceable documentation. When deed language, easement boundaries, or access rights are carefully reviewed and recorded, future conflicts with neighbors or third parties can be minimized. In addition, when post-closing issues arise, having the same legal team that handled the transaction means faster resolution and informed advocacy. For clients with investments or plans for property improvements, this continuity provides practical protection for long-term goals.
Reduced Risk of Title Defects and Post-Closing Disputes
A comprehensive review focuses on identifying and curing title defects before closing, which greatly reduces the chance of post-closing challenges. Clearing liens, verifying legal descriptions, and confirming lien releases are practical steps that prevent unexpected claims after ownership transfers. This preventative work also streamlines lender requirements and avoids delays during settlement. By taking these measures early, clients protect their financial interests and minimize the need for future litigation or corrective filings in the county recorder’s office.
Coordinated Closing and Clear Documentation
Comprehensive service ensures that documents are drafted, reviewed, and executed in a coordinated manner so that all parties understand their obligations at closing. Accurate settlement statements, properly prepared deeds, and correctly filed instruments reduce the risk of clerical errors and recording problems. Coordination with title companies, lenders, and county offices helps ensure a smooth closing day and expedites the official recordation of the transaction. Clear documentation protects buyers and sellers by creating a reliable record of the exchange.
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Practical Tips for a Smooth Real Estate Transaction
Review the Contract Early
Reviewing the purchase agreement as soon as it is signed by both parties helps identify deadlines, contingencies, and closing conditions that affect the timeline. Early review allows time to address title matters, confirm financing commitments, and negotiate changes to terms without causing delays. It also gives buyers and sellers the opportunity to request clarifications about prorations, repairs, or included fixtures. Taking this step promptly reduces last-minute stress and supports an orderly progression toward closing, improving the likelihood of a successful transaction.
Obtain a Thorough Title Search
Coordinate with All Parties
Coordinating communication among real estate agents, lenders, title companies, and legal counsel helps prevent misunderstandings and keeps the transaction moving. Timely responses to requests for documentation, prompt scheduling of inspections, and clear instructions for disbursement of funds streamline closing preparations. When changes arise, informing all parties quickly allows for orderly adjustments and reduces the chance of missed deadlines. This collaborative approach helps create a predictable closing experience and reduces the risk of avoidable complications.
Why Hire a Real Estate Attorney in Hunter
Hiring an attorney for a real estate transaction provides legal review and representation that protects your interests during negotiations and closing. An attorney helps interpret contract provisions, identify title issues, and prepare transfer documents that comply with Tennessee law. This legal oversight reduces the potential for costly mistakes and ensures that important deadlines, contingency removals, and recording requirements are handled correctly. For buyers and sellers alike, this support can prevent disputes later, provide clarity about obligations, and help secure a smooth transfer of ownership.
Even when transactions appear routine, unforeseen problems like liens, boundary discrepancies, or missing releases can emerge and threaten a sale. An attorney’s role includes assessing these risks, coordinating with title services, and recommending corrective action. For clients planning investments or renovations, careful legal review also helps confirm that zoning and deed restrictions will not impede intended uses. Overall, legal representation adds an additional layer of protection, reduces transactional uncertainty, and helps preserve the value and marketability of the property.
Common Situations When Real Estate Legal Help Is Needed
Several common circumstances call for legal involvement, including issues discovered in a title search, disputed property boundaries, unusual deed histories, or complex financing arrangements. Other triggers include problems with prior recordings, inherited property transfers, probate-related sales, and transactions involving commercial zoning or easements. Legal assistance can also be necessary when sale terms are negotiated outside standard forms or when buyer and seller disagree about repairs, prorations, or contingency fulfillment. Early legal consultation helps identify the best path forward in these scenarios.
Title Defects and Liens
Title defects and recorded liens create obstacles to transferring clear ownership and must be addressed before closing. Common examples include unpaid taxes, mechanic’s liens, or unresolved mortgages that appear in a title search. Resolving these issues may involve obtaining payoff information, negotiating releases, or filing corrective documents with the county recorder’s office. Addressing these matters in advance prevents delays at closing and reduces the risk that the buyer will inherit unexpected financial obligations after purchase.
Boundary Disputes and Easement Issues
Boundary disputes and easement questions can affect property use and value, and they often require careful review of surveys and recorded documents. When boundaries are uncertain or neighbors assert competing claims, legal steps can clarify rights and, if necessary, lead to negotiations or formal actions to fix the boundary lines. Easements that limit use or access should be clearly understood before purchase, as they can affect plans for improvements and may require documentation or agreements to resolve conflicts and preserve intended property use.
Probate Transfers and Inherited Property
Properties transferred through probate or inheritance often present unique title and documentation challenges, such as missing deeds, unclear beneficiary distributions, or required court approvals. Handling these matters typically requires coordination between estate processes and transfer requirements to ensure legal title can be passed to the new owner. An attorney can draft the necessary instruments, file required affidavits or petitions, and confirm that transfer documents satisfy county recording requirements so the new owner receives clear title without future disputes.
Local Real Estate Attorney Serving Hunter and Campbell County
Jay Johnson Law Firm serves clients in Hunter and throughout Campbell County with practical real estate legal services tailored to local processes. We assist buyers, sellers, and property owners with contract review, title issues, deed preparation, and closing coordination. Our goal is to provide clear guidance, timely communication, and thorough handling of documents so clients can complete transactions with confidence. If you have questions about a pending sale or want to confirm that your transfer is protected, reach out to learn how we can support your needs.
Why Choose Jay Johnson Law Firm for Real Estate Matters
Clients choose Jay Johnson Law Firm for a practical approach to real estate matters and a focus on clear communication and reliable document handling. We place priority on understanding each client’s goals and aligning legal steps with those priorities. From early contract review through recording, our service seeks to identify and resolve obstacles that could delay closing. We work to provide straightforward explanations of risks and options so that clients can make informed decisions at each stage of the transaction.
The firm’s familiarity with Tennessee real estate practices and local county recorder procedures helps streamline the recording and closing process. We coordinate with lenders, title companies, and other professionals to ensure all documents conform to legal requirements and that filings are completed accurately. This coordination reduces the likelihood of clerical errors and recording setbacks, which can otherwise lead to delays or additional costs after closing. Our approach aims to give clients clarity and peace of mind throughout the transaction.
When unexpected issues arise during a transaction, having consistent legal representation helps keep resolutions efficient and effective. Whether addressing title defects, crafting deed language, or negotiating closing adjustments, the firm provides hands-on assistance to protect client interests. We emphasize proactive handling of risks and timely communication so that clients understand the next steps and potential outcomes, helping the transaction proceed smoothly toward a successful closing.
Ready to Discuss Your Real Estate Matter? Call Jay Johnson Law Firm
How We Handle Real Estate Transactions at Our Firm
Our legal process begins with an initial consultation to review the purchase agreement, title report, and any inspection or financing conditions. We identify issues that require attention and outline the recommended scope of service, whether a limited document review or full representation through closing. Next, we coordinate with title services and lenders, prepare required documents, and communicate any adjustments needed before settlement. Finally, we attend or manage the closing, ensure proper disbursements, and confirm recording so ownership transfer is final and documented.
Step One: Initial Review and Title Examination
The first step involves closely reviewing the purchase contract and conducting a title examination to identify recorded liens, easements, or other encumbrances. This review clarifies obligations, deadlines, and required documentation for closing. It also determines whether further action is necessary to clear title defects or address issues that could affect financing or insurance. Early identification of such matters gives the parties time to negotiate solutions and avoid unexpected delays later in the process.
Assessing Contract Terms
During the assessment of contract terms, we identify important dates, contingency language, and any special provisions that require attention. This includes reviewing who is responsible for repairs, prorations, and closing costs, as well as confirming financing contingencies and deadlines. Clarifying these terms reduces the chance of disputes and ensures the parties understand their obligations. If revisions are needed, we recommend precise language to reflect the parties’ intent and reduce ambiguity at closing.
Conducting the Title Search
Conducting the title search involves examining public records to trace the chain of ownership and identify liens, mortgages, or recorded restrictions. We evaluate any exceptions listed in the title report and determine what steps are required to achieve marketable title. When issues are found, such as unpaid liens or missing releases, we coordinate with creditors and title companies to obtain necessary documentation and prepare the property for a clear transfer at closing.
Step Two: Resolving Issues and Preparing Documents
Once title matters and contract questions are identified, the next step is resolving those issues and preparing the documents required for closing. This may include negotiating payoffs, drafting or revising deeds, preparing settlement statements, and ensuring all disclosures are in place. We work with lenders and title companies to confirm that requirements are met and that funds will be disbursed properly. Careful preparation minimizes the risk of last-minute complications on closing day.
Negotiating Payoffs and Releases
Negotiating payoffs and obtaining releases from lienholders is often necessary to clear title and allow for an unencumbered transfer. We gather payoff statements, communicate with creditors, and arrange for proper documentation that confirms debts are satisfied. Clear coordination of these elements with the settlement agent ensures that funds are allocated correctly at closing and that recorded liens are removed or subordinated where appropriate, protecting the buyer from inheriting unresolved obligations.
Drafting Transfer Documents
Drafting transfer documents such as the deed, affidavits, and closing statements requires accuracy in legal descriptions and compliance with recording requirements. We prepare deeds that reflect the parties’ intentions regarding warranties and ownership interests, and ensure that all documents are signed, notarized, and ready for recording. Proper drafting reduces the risk of clerical errors and helps guarantee that the county recorder accepts the instruments without delay.
Step Three: Closing and Post-Closing Recording
The final step is the closing itself, where funds are exchanged, documents are signed, and the deed is delivered and recorded to complete the transfer of ownership. After closing, we confirm that the deed and other required instruments are filed with the county recorder and that settlement funds were disbursed correctly. We also retain copies of recorded documents and provide guidance on any post-closing steps, such as updating tax records or addressing follow-up questions from the title company or lender.
Managing the Closing Process
Managing the closing process includes coordinating the schedule, confirming final closing figures, and verifying that all parties have the correct documentation. Whether attending in person or overseeing the transaction remotely, we ensure that signatures are properly executed and that the settlement statement accurately reflects prorations and costs. This attention to detail is intended to prevent disputes and to make sure that funds are disbursed in accordance with the transaction terms and any lien payoffs are completed.
Confirming Recording and Final Steps
After the closing, confirming that the deed and other documents are recorded with the county recorder is essential to finalize ownership. We follow up to ensure recording is completed and that recorded copies are provided to the parties. If further filings or notifications are required, such as updating property tax records or notifying homeowners associations, we advise on those steps. Final confirmation of recording and delivery of documents closes the legal loop on the transaction and provides peace of mind.
Frequently Asked Questions About Real Estate Transactions in Hunter
When should I involve an attorney in a real estate transaction?
It is advisable to involve an attorney as early as possible if there are any concerns about title, unusual contract terms, or complex financing arrangements. Early involvement allows the attorney to review the purchase agreement, identify potential issues, and recommend steps to avoid delays. When the transaction is straightforward and parties are comfortable with standard forms, a limited review may be sufficient, but for clarity and protection an attorney review still offers valuable legal perspective.In situations involving inherited property, title irregularities, or special conditions such as easements or zoning questions, having legal representation from the outset helps address these matters before they disrupt the sale. An attorney can also coordinate with lenders and title companies to ensure that all necessary documentation is in place for a smooth closing.
What does a title search look for and why is it important?
A title search examines public records to trace ownership history and identify any recorded liens, mortgages, judgments, or easements that could affect the property. The search establishes whether the chain of title is clear and whether any outstanding claims might prevent a clean transfer. Title searches are important because they uncover legal matters that could impose obligations on a new owner or block a sale until resolved.When exceptions or defects are found, options include negotiating payoffs, obtaining lien releases, or preparing corrective instruments to clear title. Addressing such issues early in the transaction timeline reduces the likelihood of last-minute surprises at closing and helps ensure that the buyer receives a marketable title.
How long does closing usually take in Campbell County?
The timeline for closing in Campbell County can vary depending on factors such as lender processing time, the complexity of the title search, and whether any contingencies or repairs must be completed. A typical closing on a residential sale may take several weeks from contract acceptance to settlement if financing and title are straightforward. However, when title defects or other complications arise, the process can take longer as issues are resolved.To help keep a closing on schedule, proactive steps include ordering the title search early, ensuring inspections and financing approvals are completed promptly, and addressing any required repairs or documentation without delay. Clear communication among buyer, seller, lender, and legal counsel also helps avoid unnecessary delays.
What if a lien is discovered during the title search?
If a lien is discovered during the title search, the usual course is to determine whether the lien can be paid off or released prior to closing. This often involves obtaining payoff statements, negotiating with the lienholder, or arranging for funds to satisfy the lien at settlement. In some cases, the seller may secure a release or subordinate the lien to allow the transaction to proceed.When payoffs or releases are not immediately available, alternatives include delaying closing until the issue is resolved or adjusting the sale proceeds to account for the lien payoff. An attorney can assist in communicating with creditors and preparing the necessary documentation to clear title and proceed with the closing.
Do I need an attorney to prepare or record a deed?
While some parties choose to prepare and record deeds without legal assistance, having an attorney prepare or review the deed ensures the legal description and transfer language are accurate and comply with recording requirements. Errors in deed preparation or improper recording can create ownership disputes, lead to additional filing requirements, or affect the marketability of title in the future.An attorney can draft the appropriate deed type for the transaction, confirm that any required acknowledgments or notarizations are completed, and coordinate the recording process with the county recorder’s office. This oversight helps prevent clerical mistakes and ensures the deed is accepted and properly recorded.
How are closing costs and prorations handled?
Closing costs and prorations are typically itemized on the settlement statement and allocated according to the purchase agreement and local custom. Costs may include title fees, recording fees, transfer taxes if applicable, attorney fees, and prorated items such as property taxes and homeowners association dues. Prorations reflect the division of property expenses between buyer and seller up to the closing date.During closing preparation, an attorney reviews the settlement statement to confirm accuracy and that prorations are calculated correctly. Addressing discrepancies before signing helps prevent disputes and ensures funds are disbursed in line with the contractual agreement at settlement.
What should I do if there is a boundary dispute with a neighbor?
If a boundary dispute arises, the first step is to review the property survey, deeds, and any recorded easements or covenants that define the property lines. Communication with the neighbor and review of the documentary evidence can sometimes resolve misunderstandings without formal proceedings. When an agreement cannot be reached, further steps may include commissioning an updated survey or pursuing legal action to quiet title or determine the precise boundary.An attorney can guide the process of gathering the necessary documentation, negotiating resolution, or initiating legal remedies when needed. Early legal involvement helps preserve rights and can lead to a resolution that minimizes costs and uncertainty for both parties.
Can an inherited property be sold before probate is complete?
Selling an inherited property before probate is complete depends on how title is held and whether the estate requires court administration. If the property is held in the decedent’s name alone, probate may be necessary to transfer legal title to heirs who then have authority to sell. In some circumstances, processes like affidavits of heirship or small estate procedures can facilitate transfer without full probate, but these options are limited and depend on the estate’s specifics.Legal counsel can evaluate the title status, review local probate rules, and recommend the appropriate path for transferring or selling the property. Handling the matter correctly prevents future claims and ensures the sale proceeds are distributed according to law and the decedent’s intentions.
What types of deeds are commonly used in Tennessee?
Common deed types in Tennessee include warranty deeds, which provide certain assurances about the title, and quitclaim deeds, which transfer whatever interest the grantor holds without warranties. The choice of deed affects the protections the buyer receives and the seller’s warranties regarding the title. Selecting the appropriate deed type should be based on the transaction’s nature and the parties’ expectations regarding title assurances.An attorney can explain the practical implications of different deed forms and prepare the deed that best aligns with the parties’ agreement. Properly drafted deed language and accurate legal descriptions are essential to avoid ambiguity and ensure the intended ownership interest is conveyed and recorded.
How do I check property taxes and assessments in Campbell County?
Property taxes and assessments in Campbell County can be checked through the county assessor or online resources provided by county offices. These records show the assessed value, tax history, and any outstanding tax obligations that could affect closing. Confirming tax status early in a transaction helps identify potential prorations or unpaid taxes that need to be addressed before or at closing.If unpaid taxes are discovered, arrangements can be made to pay them at settlement or to secure releases where appropriate. An attorney can help verify the tax information, confirm payoff amounts if necessary, and ensure that tax obligations are handled properly as part of the settlement process.